Antioxidantes con productos bioactivos naturales de origen vegetal o sintéticos como complemento de la terapia en la infección VIH/sida
Resumen
Introducción: El estrés oxidativo es considerado un cofactor en la patogénesis del virus de inmunodeficiencia humana. La influencia de este tipo de estrés en la progresión de la enfermedad ha afectado a pacientes tratados con terapia antirretroviral de alta eficacia. Según evidencias moleculares, esa terapia no reduce los niveles de daño oxidativo.
Objetivo: Compilar información sobre las principales implicaciones fisiopatológicas del metabolismo oxidativo asociadas a la infección VIH/sida y a la terapia antirretroviral, y las evidencias más actuales sobre las alternativas de suplementación antioxidante con productos sintéticos o bioactivos naturales de origen vegetal aplicadas en los pacientes infectados con ese virus.
Métodos: Se consultaron las bases de datos Medline, PubMed, SciELO, LILIACS y los motores de búsqueda Google y Google Scholar. Se descartaron las publicaciones que no se ajustaban al tema, tenían insuficientes datos de origen o las que eran propaganda no científica. Se analizaron 74 artículos publicados desde 1990 hasta 2017.
Resultados: La deficiencia de la ingesta de micronutrientes antioxidantes exacerba el estrés oxidativo en los infectados por ese virus. Las combinaciones de suplementos antioxidantes evaluadas en estudios clínicos a nivel internacional son diversas y sus resultados han sido controversiales Si se consideran los elementos previos, la suplementación antioxidante podría resultar beneficiosa, pues influye en las comorbilidades asociadas al progreso de esta infección y su tratamiento.
Conclusión: El uso de antioxidantes podría ser una alternativa para complementar el tratamiento del VIH dirigido a restaurar las funciones inmunes y minimizar los efectos tóxicos secundarios relacionados con los antirretrovirales y la oxidación durante el contagio.
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